What Is Prostate Cancer?

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What Is Prostate Cancer?

A prostate needle biopsy is a small operation to obtain samples of the different areas of the prostate so that they can be examined under a microscope. The needle is placed through the wall of the rectum and into the prostate, the samples are then removed through the rectum. The needle placement is not painful because the physician uses anesthesia (numbing medicine) in the area of the rectum. This test is done by a urologist. More than one visit may be necessary to complete this test. The chance of a man getting prostate cancer is about 1 in 6. Men of African American and Caribbean descent have an increased risk of getting prostate cancer. Because we do not know what causes BPH, it is challenging for researchers to understand why some men may have a higher likelihood of getting it. Factors such as smoking, obesity, and especially age can lead to BPH. In general, the prostate expands around the urethra and bladder neck as men age, which can cause complications when trying to pass urine and is precisely the time when the prostate might be discovered because of urinary symptoms.

The prostate is a male reproductive gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. In men, the most common cancer found here is prostate cancer. It is often a slow-growing cancer. A new, less common type of prostate cancer that grows more quickly is called small cell. The prostate makes a fluid that is part of semen. This gland grows and develops after puberty as a result of the amount of male hormones in the body. The main male hormone is testosterone, which is made in the testicles. The gland can become larger as men get older. This is called benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH. This is not the same as prostate cancer. Cancer can start in any part of the prostate. Generally, when older men have a high PSA blood level (prostate cancer marker) and/or an abnormal digital rectal exam (DRE), the doctor may request a needle biopsy of the prostate after the results are known.

Frequently Asked Questıons

What are some of the sıgns or symptoms of prostate cancer?

Some men have a higher risk of prostate cancer. You should speak with your provider about the best time for you to start the discussion. African American men are encouraged to begin testing at age 45, and men with a strong family history of prostate cancer should have this discussion at age 40. There are two tests often used to detect prostate cancer: a blood test that measures the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and a digital rectal exam (DRE). The level of a man’s PSA may indicate the presence of cancer. If prostate cancer is found, it is important that it be carefully staged. This is a method that will allow the care team to know the right treatment for the man – and also when he may not need therapy. A commonly used tool is called the TNM staging system which stands for Tumor, Node, and Metastasis. Increases in the levels of this protein can indicate a very aggressive form of prostate cancer.

If I do not have any symptoms, why should I be tested for prostate cancer?

The number of men 40 years of age and over who not only show no symptoms of prostate disease but also who are reportedly made aware of the health threat posed by prostate cancer prior to their diagnosis rose from 10.4 million in 2002 to 25.6 million in 2013. Since the incidence rate of prostate cancer has remained more or less the same over the past ten years, doctors continue to rely on the PSA test to forewarn them of the presence of the disease long before the men experience any symptoms. Discouraging men from following their doctors’ advice to be screened would therefore place many lives at risk. Resulting harm from diagnosing and treating men with little risk of dying from their disease could be minimized by identifying men with hyperplasia or DIP, men at low risk of having cancer, or men with little or no cancer.

What ıs the cause of prostate cancer?

There is no single indicator, but the combination below can help you and your health worker assess the risk of prostate cancer. Usually, if your score is higher than 4 points, the possibility of suffering from prostate cancer increases. As for a large number of family members with prostate cancer, the risk of having it is greater. People who have a large number of family members, such as fathers and brothers, with prostate cancer are more likely to get prostate cancer. Age and family history are nature-related reasons. If your father or brother has the disease, your risk doubles, until eight times greater than that since this occurs after death. Black people are more likely to have a role in prostate cancer. On average, their risk is twice more than that of Caucasian men. Scientists are currently studying what causes these differences between racial groups. A Western diet, high in red and processed meat, high-fat dairy, as well as obesity, has been linked to a higher risk of suffering from prostate cancer. Prostate exosomes carry patient corn RNA to stimulate monocyte dendritic cells and modulate the immunosuppressive microenvironment by regulating the molecular gateway protein E and mTOR. It contributes to improving the efficacy of donor PBMC antitumor immunity in CR tumors and thus becomes a potential antineoplastic.

What types of tests are avılable?

The aging process brings with it worry and dread, but the prostate is not selective. Although prime targets, indeed, the young can also be affected. It is nevertheless vital for all men, especially those over 50, with or without symptoms, to undergo a prostate check. As a two-time survivor and a personal consultant on this topic, I can reassure you that cancer is not a death sentence. If diagnosed early, in time to cure, an attentive lifestyle will ensure your longevity. If you are reluctant to undergo the digital rectal exam (DRE), but wish to be tested, there are several tests for prostate cancer. The most widely known are: the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), ultrasound, biopsy, MRI, and urine tests. They are, however, not totally accurate or as specific as the digital rectal exam (DRE). Your healthcare provider will guide you, should you have any concerns. With all of that, testing is important.

For most men, what ıs a normal PSA test result?

If your PSA result came back at 3, your urologist may recommend another PSA test in 12 months. If the result is 4.6 and you have no symptoms, you may wait an additional 12 months for retesting. Other men, such as those with a family history of prostate cancer or African American men, are at a higher risk of prostate cancer. Your urologist may recommend an earlier retest regardless of your PSA result.

If my doctor recommends a prostate bıopsy, what can I expect to happen durıng the procedure?

Some may consider a biopsy, a procedure where prostate tissue is removed and then examined for signs of cancer, after one year of testing. Other providers might postpone the biopsy until there is a larger increase in the PSA level over a one- or two-year span. PSA density, the ratio of PSA and prostate size, can help your provider decide when to order a biopsy. Some urologists suggest a 4 on the density score as the recommended threshold for a biopsy. Discuss with your provider what is best for you. Keep in mind every individual’s health is unique and completely different from someone else’s health. Your provider will work with you to develop a treatment plan tailored to your specific situation.


      

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